动物的生命过程 Animal life processes （5年级科学）

第3课：动物的生命过程
· 动物如何保护自己的？(How do animals protect themselves?)
· 我们想象中的创意动物(An imaginary animal)
· 动物如何确保物种的生存 (How do animals ensure survival of their species?)
· 生物之间食与被食的关系(Relationship between predators and preys)

课文小结：
     dòngwùde zìwèifāngfǎ
[1] 动物的自卫 方 法(self-defence) :
      wàixíngtèzhēng　yìngké  jiāncì  jiānyìngde  línpiàn  jiǎo  dúcì  huò　dúyá
A. 外形特征：硬 壳(hard shell)、尖 刺(thorn)、坚硬  的鳞片(scales)、角(horn)、毒刺(stinger)或 毒牙(fang)
      tèshūběnnéng  suōjìnkélǐ   quánqǔshēntǐ  zì duànshēntǐ   bùwèi    wěizhuāng　qúnjū
B. 特殊本能：缩 进壳里(withdraw)、蜷曲身体(curl)、自断(self-amputate)身体部位、伪装(camouflage)、 群居(live in a group)

 
  dòngwùshìyingè   lièqì   hòude  fāngfǎ
[2]动物适应 恶劣气候 的 方法:
      hánlěngqì  hòu   hòumáo   hòuzhǐfáng  qiānxǐ     dōngmián
A. 寒 冷 气候：厚 毛(fur)、厚 脂肪(fat)、迁徙(migrate)、冬眠(hibernate)
      yánrè  qì  hòu   tuófēng   zàiní  nìnglǐ   dǎgǔn
B. 炎 热气候：驼 峰(hump--to store fat)、在泥泞(mud)里打滚

   
dòngwùquèbǎowùzhongde shēngcúnshìwèile  yánxù hòudàiyǐ  bì  miǎnjuézhong
[3]动  物确保 物种(species survival)   的生 存 是为了延 续后 代以避免绝种(extinct)。

 
 dòngwùquèbǎowùzhongshēngcúnde fāngfǎ
[4]动物确保 物种  生存(survival of species)的方法
      bǎohù luǎn
A. 保 护卵(protect the eggs)
      bǎluǎncángzài　yǐnbì  dedìfāng
· 把卵藏在　隐蔽的地方
      chǎnxiàdà liangde luǎn
· 产下大量  的卵
      luǎnbèiniányè　bāoguǒ　zhe
· 卵 被粘液　包裹 着

      fūluǎn

· 孵卵(hatching)

      bǎohù luǎn

· 保 护卵

      zhàogù yòuér

B. 照顾幼儿(care for the young)

      bǔrǔ

· 哺乳(breast-feed)

      bǎyòuér  cángzàiyù  ér dài

· 把幼儿藏   在育儿袋(pouch)

      qúnjū

· 群 居

      bǎyòuér  cángzàizuǐ lǐ

· 把幼儿藏   在嘴里

      wèiyǎngyòuér

· 喂养  幼 儿

      gōngjī   wēixiéyòuér de tiāndí

· 攻  击威 胁幼儿的天 敌(natural enemy)

   
shíwùliànxiǎnshìshēngwùzhījiānshíyǔ bèishíde  guānxì      bùtóngdeqī   xī dì  yǒubùtóngde shíwùliàn

[5]食物链(food chain)显 示生   物之间食与被食的关   系。不同 的栖息地有 不同 的食物链。

 
  tài yángshìshíwùliànlǐ   dezhǔyàonéngyuán

[6]太阳  是食物链里的主要 能 源(energy source)。

 
 lǜ  sèzhíwù shìshēngchǎnzhě   dòngwùshìxiāofèi zhě

[7]绿色植物是生   产  者(producer)，动  物是消 费者(consumer)。

 
  shíwùwǎngyóuliǎngtiáohuòyǐ  shàngdeshí wùliànzǔchéng bùtóngde qī  xī  dì yǒubù tóngdeshíwù wǎng

[8]食物网 (food web) 由两条 或以上    的食物链组成。不同 的栖息地有 不同 的食物网。

   
 shíwùwǎngzhōngrènhéshēngwùde  shùliàngfā  shēngbiànhuà   dōujiānghuiyǐngxiǎngsuǒyǒuyǔ  tāxiangguānde shēngwù deshùliàng

[9]食物网  中   任何生   物的数 量  发生    变 化，都 将  会影响  所 有 与它 相关  的生    物的数 量。

     
quèbǎoshíwùwǎngdepínghéngduìwù zhongdeshēngcúnhěnzhongyào
[10]确保食物网  的平 衡(balance)  对物种   的生   存 很重    要。

－－－＝－－－＝＝－－－－＝＝－－－－－

Ｒeference: 

[2] Green frog eggs.

[3] Baby kangaroo in the pouch.

[4]Examples of animals using camouflage for protection.

[5]Animal adaptations:

[x] Others:

[.]Predator and prey...

What is a predator? 
Predators are wild animals that hunt, or prey on, other animals. All animals need food to live.These animals need the flesh of the animals that they kill to survive. Tigers, hawks, wolves, lions, and  bears are all predators. Predators are carnivores, which means their diet consists of meat. Some predators, such as coyotes and bears are also scavengers,meaning they will eat the carcasses of animals that they didn't hunt themselves. 

Opposite of predator, you have prey. Prey animals can be anything from the smallest insect to a 1400 pound bull moose.Some prey animals are herbivores, meaning they eat plants.Other prey species are omnivores, which means they will eat plants or animals.

[.]Food chain and food web:

Food Chain and Food Web

There are frogs, butterflies, snakes, caterpillars and birds living in this habitat. There are various types of plants too. Some animals eat plants or other animals for food, What about plants?

Animals can be classified into three categories according to the food they eat.

1. Animals eat plants are herbivores.
2. Animals eat the other animals are carnivores.
3. Animals eat plants and the other animals are omnivores.

Plants use the energy from the Sun to make their own food. They are called producers. Plants provide energy to herbivores, carnivores and omnivores, this relationship is called a food chain. The herbivores, carnivores and omnivores are called consumers because they get their food by eating other animals or plants.

(P = producer, H = herbivore, C₁ = carnivore order-1, C₂ = carnivore order-2)

The relationship between organisms in food chains looks very simple, but in reality it is more complex. When two or more food chains linked together, this relationship is called a food web.


[.]Domestic animals: